Binocular Dysfunctions

What is an Eye-teaming Problem?

We have two eyes and in order to see properly we have to use our two eyes together in a very precise and coordinated fashion.

Every time we look at something we must accurately aim the two eyes directly at the object of concern. Each eye sends an image to the part of the brain that is involved in the process of seeing. This part of the brain, called the visual cortex, then tries to combine these two images to make one “fused” image. If these images are identical the result is normal, clear, single vision and a perception of depth. If, however, the two eyes are not performing in a coordinated manner, the visual cortex will receive two different images. This can result in double vision and/or visual discomfort.

As you can imagine double vision and discomfort are not easy for a child or an adult to tolerate. It becomes very difficult to function either at school, play, or work if double vision or visual discomfort occurs. Eye-teaming problems, which result in such symptoms, actually have more impact on learning or performance at work than do vision problems, which cause a lack of clarity.

There are two types of eye-teaming problems:

Convergence problems (bringing the two eyes in together)
Divergence problems (releasing the eyes from a convergence position)

What Are The Problems And Symptoms Associated With Eye-teaming Problems?

People that have eye-teaming problems may complain of the following:

Eyestrain and headaches after reading for a short period of time.
Inability to concentrate when reading.
Short attention span.
Frequent loss of place when reading.
Rubbing or closing an eye.
Words moving on the page.
Good decoding skills, but poor comprehension.

How Common are Eye-teaming Problems?

Approximately 5%-10% of children and young adults have eye-teaming problems, which are significant enough to cause some of the complaints listed above.

How Are Eye-teaming Problems Treated?

Sometimes glasses alone can be prescribed to provide relief from the complaints associated with eye-teaming problems. These glasses are usually prescribed for reading and they must be removed for seeing the board. With very young children who would have trouble removing and putting on the glasses many times each day, bifocals can be prescribed. A bifocal allows the child to wear the glasses at all times while in school.

Often eyeglasses alone are not sufficient to completely solve eye-teaming problems. Although the glasses may provide some relief, the symptoms of the eye-teaming problem persist and vision therapy is advised.

Adapted from Vision Therapy Manual, Mitchell Sheiman, 1992

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