Focusing Problems

What is a Focusing Problem?

Vision is a dynamic function and in order to see properly we have to change the focus of our eyes every time we look from one object to another. Most people are not even aware that we have to focus our eyes. This is because in most people the focusing system of the eye operates so well that objects always appear in focus.

In reality, a focusing adjustment is made every time we look from one place to another. This adjustment is made with the help of a muscle in the eye called the ciliary muscle or the focusing muscle. When a child looks from the board to his desk, for instance, he must constrict or contract this muscle, which changes the shape of the lens in the eye and allows the child to see the print in his book clearly. When the child wants to look back to the board he must now relax the focusing muscle, which permits clear vision at a distance.

A focusing problem occurs when the child is unable to quickly and accurately constrict or relax the focusing muscle, or if the child is unable to maintain this muscle contraction for adequate periods of time.

How common are Focusing Problems?

Approximately 5%-10% of children and young adults have focusing problems, which are significant enough to cause some of the complaints described below.

What Types of Focusing Problems Can Occur?

Three types of focusing problems can occur in children and young adults. A common problem occurs when an individual loses the ability to contract the focusing muscle for adequate periods of time. This is called a focusing or accommodative insufficiency. A second problem occurs when the focusing muscle actually goes into a muscle spasm. This is referred to as a focusing or accommodative spasm. The final type of focusing disorder occurs when the child has difficulty with both contraction and relaxation of the muscle. This is referred to as focusing or accommodative inflexibility.

Adapted from Vision Therapy Manual, Mitchell Sheiman, 1992

*The information provided by this Web site is for educational purposes only. This Web site is not comprehensive on the topics addressed. It is not a substitute for direct consultation with your health care provider. Always consult a licensed professional regarding your specific condition. Any trademarks referred to are the property of their respective owners.